Friday, January 28, 2011


Open Kinetic Chain (OKC)

·         OKC exercises are exercises that are distal segment of the body move freely in space.  
·         Non-weight bearing which mean completely unrestricted movement in space of a peripheral segment of the body.
·         Independent joint movement and movement of the body segment only distal to the moving joint.
·         Muscle activation for these exercises are occurs predominantly in the prime mover.
·         Resistance is applied to the moving distal segment.
·         Example of OKC exercise and the analysis :


Arm Curl (right hand)


Phase
Joint
Action
Muscle
Contraction
Starting and ending
Wrist
Flexion
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Palmaris longus
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor  digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Isometric
Elbow
Extension
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
Eccentric
Movement
Wrist
Flexion
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Palmaris longus
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor  digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Isometric
Elbow
Flexion
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
Concentric



Kicking (right leg)




           
Phase
Joint
Action
Muscle
Contraction
starting
Hip
Hyper extension
Gluteus maximus
Hamstring:
-biceps femoris
-Semitendinosus
-semimembranosus

Concentric
Knee
Flexion
Hamstring:
-biceps femoris
-Semitendinosus
-semimembranosus

Concentric
Ankle
Plantar flexion
Plantaris
Tibialis posterior
Concentric
Toe
Flexion
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Lumbrical interossei
Palmar interossei
Concentric
Movement
Hip
External rotation
Iliopsoas:
-psoas major
-iliacus
Gluteus maximus
Eccentric
Adduction
Adductor longus
Adductor magnus
Adductor brevis
Concentric
Knee
Extension
Quadriceps:
-rectus femoris
-vastus lateralis
-vastus medialis
-vastus intermedius
Concentric
Ankle
Plantar flexion
Plantaris
Tibialis posterior
Concentric
Eversion
Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis
Concentric
Toe
Extension
Extensor digitorum brevis
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Concentric
Ending
Hip
Flexion
Iliopsoas:
-psoas major
-iliacus

Eccentric


Adduction
Adductor longus
Adductor magnus
Adductor brevis
Eccentric
Knee
Extension
Quadriceps:
-rectus femoris
-vastus lateralis
-vastus medialis
-vastus intermedius
Eccentric
Ankle
Neutral
Tibialis anterior
Tibialis posterior
Plantaris
Gastrocnemius
Isometric
Toe
Extension
Extensor digitorum brevis
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
eccentric




Closed Kinetic Chain (CKC)
·         CKC exercises are exercises in which the distal end of the segment is fixed to a supporting surface.
·         weight bearing exercises which mean movement in peripheral segment meets with considerable external resistance.
·         interdependent joint movements.
·         Movement of the body segment may occur distal or proximal to the moving joint.
·         Muscle activation for these exercises are occurs in multiple muscle groups, both distal and proximal to the moving joint.
·         use of axial loading.
·         Example of CKC exercises and the analysis :

Push up


Phase
Joint
Action
Muscle
Contraction
Starting
Wrist & hand
Hyper extension
Extensor carpi radialis
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extensor indicis
Concentric
Elbow
Flexion
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
brachioradialis
Concentric
Shoulder
Horizontal abduction
Pectoralis major
Anterior deltoid
Biceps brachii
coracobrachialis
concentric
Shoulder girdle
Adduction
Rhomboid major
Rhomboid minor
Trapezius
Concentric
Movement
Wrist & hand
Flexion
Extensor carpi radialis
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extensor indicis
Isometric
Elbow
Extension
Triceps brachii
Anconeus
Concentric
Shoulder
Flexion
Deltoid
Coracobrachialis
Concentric
Shoulder girdle
Abduction
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior
Concentric
Ending
Wrist & hand
Flexion
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Palmaris longus
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor  digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Isometric

Elbow
Flexion
Triceps brachii
Anconeus
Eccentric
Shoulder
Horizontal abduction
Pectoralis major
Anterior deltoid
Biceps brachii
coracobrachialis
Eccentric
Shoulder girdle
Adduction
Serratus anterior
Pectoralis minor
eccentric






Rowing exercise


Phase
Joint
Action
Muscle
Contraction
Starting and ending
Foot & ankle
Dorsi flexion
Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
Peroneus tertius
Concentric
Knee
Flexion
Hamstring:
-biceps femoris
-semitendinosus
-semimembranosus
Concentric
Hip
Flexion
Iliopsoas:
-psoas major
-iliacus
Concentric
Trunk
Flexion
Rectus abdominis
Internal oblique
External oblique
Concentric
Shoulder girdle
Abduction and elevation
Trapezius
Rhomboid
Pectoralis minor
Concentric
Shoulder
Flexion
Latissimus dorsi teres major
Teres minor
Posterior deltoid
Infraspinatus
Eccentric
Elbow
Extension
Biceps brachii
Brachialis brachioradialis
Eccentric
Wrist & hand
Flexion
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Palmaris longus
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor  digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Isometric
Movement
Foot & ankle
Plantar flexion
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Concentric
Knee
Extension
Quadriceps:
-rectus femoris
-vastus lateralis
-vastus medialis
-vastus intermedius
Concentric
Hip
Extension
Gluteus maximus

Hamstring:
-biceps femoris
-semitendinosus
-semimembranosus
Concentric

Trunk
Extension
Erector spinae
Concentric
Shoulder girdle
Adduction and depression
Lower trapezius
Rhomboid
Pectoralis minor
Eccentric
Shoulder
Extension
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major
Posterior deltoid
Teres minor
Infraspinatus
Concentric
Elbow
Flexion
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
Concentric
Wrist & hand
Flexion
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Palmaris longus
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor  digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Isometric